The 10,000-ton fiber ethanol project undertaken by Tianguan Group passed the acceptance test of the national-level energy science and technology achievement appraisal meeting last week. At present, the 10,000-ton fiber ethanol plant has been operating continuously for 185 days. The results show that every 7 tons of straw can produce 1 ton of ethanol (95% v/v), and the by-production of biogas is 500 to 650 cubic meters, and the ethanol fermentation concentration is 6.0%. 6.4%.
The highlight of this demonstration unit is the simultaneous realization of the combined production of ethanol, biogas and biogas. The residue of fermentation can also be used as fuel for factory-owned boilers, reducing the external fuel and electricity required for the production of cellulosic ethanol. The project has applied for 18 Chinese patents, obtained 10 patent authorizations, and formulated 6 related enterprise standards.
Plant stalks are used as agricultural and forestry waste, and their resources are very abundant. It is predicted that only straw wastes that can be used in Henan Province will be more than 30 million tons, which is one of the best raw materials for producing bio-energy. However, the current production of cellulosic ethanol is a worldwide problem. There are still many key technologies that need to be broken.
According to reports, as the pioneer and pioneer of China's bio-energy industry, Tianguan Group has started the key technology research of fiber ethanol since 1997, which lasted 15 years and has developed a complete system of key fiber ethanol with independent intellectual property rights. The technology has formed a complete process route including raw material collection, storage, transportation, steam explosion pretreatment, cellulase production, cellulose enzymolysis, fermentation, and distillation drying coupled with anaerobic fermentation of ethanol and hemicellulose to produce biogas. The company has designed and built the largest 10,000-ton straw fibre ethanol production plant in China and realized the demonstration of industrialization. It has become the only domestic enterprise that possesses three major bio-energy products, namely bio-ethanol, bio-natural gas and bio-diesel.
The acceptance expert group organized by the National Energy Administration believes that the 10,000-ton fiber ethanol project has fully utilized Tianguan’s corporate advantages, combined with China’s national conditions, and achieved integration of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in wheat straw and wheat straw. The use of classification, reliable technology and process, the overall technology to achieve the leading domestic level, has been further industrialization and amplification conditions. The expert group also provided constructive opinions on Tianguan Group’s construction of a 150,000-ton/year expansion project for fiber ethanol.
A Century of Good Ideas
For over a century, automobiles have been equipped with one or more windshield wipers. The earliest was a hand operated unit: handle on the inside of the windshield, brush on the outside, with a connector passed through the frame. Soon after, the rubber squeegee replaced the brush. Today we have computerized mechanisms that sense rain, start their process automatically, and clear windshields continuously unassisted, intermittently as chosen, or automatically as needed.
Changes in Weather, Changes in Composition
Progressive change in the design, manufacturing, and production of windshield wipers and wiper systems have been largely uniform, due to standardized changes in technology and little change in the basic elements of weather. Industrialization has released acids into the atmosphere that weren`t there in vast numbers 100 years ago, but synthetic rubber, the use of stainless steel, and galvanizing processes, by and large, have worked well to fend off a significant impact on everyday reliability with only a fair share of incremental cost to the consumer. Still, though, windshield wiper arms and assemblies are not indestructible. By today`s standards a windshield wiper system will be in operation for about 12 years. Consumers will still find a need for after-market arms and assemblies during that period due to mechanical wear and prolonged exposure to the elements.
Electronic Mechanisms, Less Common for Problems
Switches, modules, circuit boards, and motors are the more expensive elements of the windshield wiper system. They fair better, in longevity, than arms, assemblies, and windshield wiper blades- more along the 12 years durability of the vehicles themselves. First off they are shielded from the elements of whether, and don`t require regular maintenance or human physical contact. Secondly, with the exception of motors or actuators, they don`t physically move, but rather passively handle the passage of low voltage electrons. If a motor does fail, more than likely the failure will not be a hardwire issue, but rather something that will signal a need for attention with noise, such as a worn bearing or damaged spline.
Natural and Synthetic Rubber
Since the outbreak of World War I (1914) the demand for rubber products has been instrumental in the growth of industrialization. Shortages due to geopolitical changes in South America and Asia spurred the need for synthetic rubber. By 1943, two years after the start of WWII, petroleum based synthetic rubber surpassed the supply of natural rubber. Windshield wiper blades followed suit, but despite advancements, synthetic or natural, rubber windshield wiper blades continue to succumb to elements of acid rain, fluctuating temperature, and constant friction.
Most Common Windshield Wiper Problems
Dirt, grease, and grime are among the most common problems associated with wiper blades. The good news is, dirt, grease, and grime can be removed by frequent cleaning with alcohol wipes or soap and water. A small amount of petroleum jelly will replenish the natural oils lost under normal conditions. If you don`t expect the blades to do the work of an ice scraper, your blades will surprise you with their longevity, barring unexpected injury do to road hazards and abuse. Make sure to physically remove ice and frozen grime from your windshield and wiper blades prior to running the windshield wipers.
When your wipers leave fine streaks and lines on your windshield, and cleaning the blades has no effect, or when your wipers become noisy as they move across the windshield- check for damage such as rips, bends, and brittleness. If you find the blades are damaged, replace them with refills when available or assemblies from your local automotive retailer.
If the wipers appear to jump along the windshield at high speeds or leave large streaks on your windshield under every day conditions, pull the Windshield Wiper Arm back and inspect the springs and linkage. Sometimes their function can be restored with a lubricant. If not, then, replace the arm or assembly as needed with any one of the fine replacements found in your local retailer. Some retailers will install blades, assemblies, and arms free with your purchase.
Synthetic Scraping Wiper Linkage
Synthetic Scraping Wiper Linkage,Smart Car Wiper Linkage,Bus Wiper Linkage,Auto Windshield Wiper Linkage
COMOTECH ASIA PACIFIC (HANGZHOU)CO.,LTD , http://www.capwiper.com