China's grain reserves rank among the top in the world, and its storage time is longer. Therefore, the search for insecticide fumigants and technologies for green grain storage is crucial for ensuring the safe storage of food and maintaining food quality. In the first half of May, the meeting of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the State Grain Administration and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization jointly organized the China Food Storage Methyl Bromide Elimination Conference in Beijing. The Ministry of Environmental Protection Party member Zhu Guangyao spoke of the fact that China's grain warehousing industry has been fully implemented. The goal of eliminating the base bromine has completed a crucial step toward the goal of “protecting ozone and storing green foodâ€. The relevant experts also pointed out that the current development and promotion of the ideal methyl bromide alternatives and alternative technologies in the grain storage industry is still an urgent task.
It is understood that in order to fulfill its obligation and commitment to protect the ozone layer, as of now China has eliminated more than 85% of the ozone-depleting substances. In particular, on July 1, 2007, China completely halted the production and import of perchlorofluorocarbons and halons and achieved the first-phase compliance targets in two and a half years in advance. As a substance that destroys the ozone layer, methyl bromide phase-out is an important and arduous task for China to implement the Montreal Protocol. According to the Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, China must completely phase out methyl bromide by January 1, 2015. Grain storage is one of the main areas of methyl bromide consumption. As a result of the efforts, a total of 128 grain banks using methyl bromide were involved throughout the country, and the use of methyl bromide as an insecticide-fumigant for grain storage was completely stopped at the end of 2006 as required by the plan.
According to reports, methyl bromide is a fumigating gas insecticide widely used around the world. It has the advantages of high efficiency, strong penetration, rapidity, and broad insecticidal spectrum, and is particularly suitable for quarantine treatment, plant and building pest control. However, it is also a substance that consumes the ozone layer of the atmosphere like many other fumigants that have been eliminated. In addition, methyl bromide is toxic to fumigators; methyl bromide remains in food, and eating too much can also affect the central nervous system. As a result, it has been classified as a phase-out material that has reached a consensus internationally.
About 76,000 tons of methyl bromide are consumed each year in the world, and the most used ones are developed countries and regions such as North America and the European Union, accounting for about 70% of the total consumption. Grain storage is an important area for China to achieve the goal of methyl bromide phase-out. China is a large country with a large population, and it needs adequate grain reserves. The storage time is generally as long as 2 to 5 years. There are many opportunities to infect pests during the storage period to ensure the safe storage of food and maintain the food quality. It is inseparable from the green storage of insect pests and fumigants. And technology.
Due to the wide range of domestic grain storage sites and the difficulty of monitoring, to ensure that the use of methyl bromide is no longer rebounded, the Deputy Director of the State Grain Administration, Jian Jianwei, stated that it is necessary to strengthen long-term supervision and management and consolidate the results achieved by the phase-out of methyl bromide. At the same time, it is necessary to increase investment and encourage scientific research institutions and enterprises to carry out technical research and development work on alternatives, alternative technologies, reuse of by-products, and waste disposal.
During the interview, the reporter learned that, after the complete phase-out of methyl bromide, the domestic grain storage industry has identified the main alternative technologies at the present stage as the phosphine under-loop circulation fumigation technology and the phosphine and carbon dioxide mixture fumigation technology. However, from the current situation, the use of phosphine fumigants requires low concentration and long fumigation on the basis of ensuring the airtightness of grain stores, and the efficiency is relatively low. In addition, stored grain pests have produced resistance to phosphine, and individual species cannot be quickly and effectively treated, which severely limits the fumigation and insecticidal properties of phosphine.
To break the monotony of alternative technologies, experts believe that it is necessary to accelerate the development of more fumigants and other new methods for controlling pests, especially physical methods. It is understood that at home and abroad in this area has made some achievements in succession, the development of new products and technologies such as sulfuryl fluoride, ethyl formate, propylene oxide and carbonyl sulfide, ozone, ethanedinitrile, high pressure CO2 and inert powder. Among them, sulphuryl fluoride is considered to be the most promising fumigant to replace methyl bromide in China.
The study of sulfuryl fluoride as a substitute for fumigant for methyl bromide has only risen in recent years. In early 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had taken the lead in approving sulphuryl fluoride for use in fumigation storage and other dried fruits, and issued corresponding residue standards. Since then, EU countries have also begun to approve the application of sulfuryl fluoride. Sulfuryl fluoride has a broad spectrum of insecticides and is effective against common grain pests such as gluten, rice elephants, cereals, thithimates, pirouettes, sawtooth plagues, and Mediterranean seabass and whiteflies. It has a low boiling point, is non-flammable, has no flash point, good penetration, low adsorption, is stable under many fumigating conditions, and has a fast gas release after fumigation. More than 30 experiments in mills in the United States, Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom have shown that sulphuryl fluoride has the same or even better insecticidal efficacy than methyl bromide; there is no need to prolong the treatment time compared to methyl bromide; Sensitive electronic control facilities have no effect; they have no effect on the odor of dried fruit and nuts and do not affect the nutritional quality of wheat.
In China, as early as the early 1980s, sulfuryl fluoride was developed and its trade name was “Morting Netâ€. In recent years, the Longkou Chemical Plant in Shandong Province has also developed a very high purity sulfuryl fluoride insecticide. However, the scope of its application is still extremely limited. Research on the application of sulfonyl fluoride fumigants in food storage and food processing fields has a bright future.
It is understood that in order to fulfill its obligation and commitment to protect the ozone layer, as of now China has eliminated more than 85% of the ozone-depleting substances. In particular, on July 1, 2007, China completely halted the production and import of perchlorofluorocarbons and halons and achieved the first-phase compliance targets in two and a half years in advance. As a substance that destroys the ozone layer, methyl bromide phase-out is an important and arduous task for China to implement the Montreal Protocol. According to the Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, China must completely phase out methyl bromide by January 1, 2015. Grain storage is one of the main areas of methyl bromide consumption. As a result of the efforts, a total of 128 grain banks using methyl bromide were involved throughout the country, and the use of methyl bromide as an insecticide-fumigant for grain storage was completely stopped at the end of 2006 as required by the plan.
According to reports, methyl bromide is a fumigating gas insecticide widely used around the world. It has the advantages of high efficiency, strong penetration, rapidity, and broad insecticidal spectrum, and is particularly suitable for quarantine treatment, plant and building pest control. However, it is also a substance that consumes the ozone layer of the atmosphere like many other fumigants that have been eliminated. In addition, methyl bromide is toxic to fumigators; methyl bromide remains in food, and eating too much can also affect the central nervous system. As a result, it has been classified as a phase-out material that has reached a consensus internationally.
About 76,000 tons of methyl bromide are consumed each year in the world, and the most used ones are developed countries and regions such as North America and the European Union, accounting for about 70% of the total consumption. Grain storage is an important area for China to achieve the goal of methyl bromide phase-out. China is a large country with a large population, and it needs adequate grain reserves. The storage time is generally as long as 2 to 5 years. There are many opportunities to infect pests during the storage period to ensure the safe storage of food and maintain the food quality. It is inseparable from the green storage of insect pests and fumigants. And technology.
Due to the wide range of domestic grain storage sites and the difficulty of monitoring, to ensure that the use of methyl bromide is no longer rebounded, the Deputy Director of the State Grain Administration, Jian Jianwei, stated that it is necessary to strengthen long-term supervision and management and consolidate the results achieved by the phase-out of methyl bromide. At the same time, it is necessary to increase investment and encourage scientific research institutions and enterprises to carry out technical research and development work on alternatives, alternative technologies, reuse of by-products, and waste disposal.
During the interview, the reporter learned that, after the complete phase-out of methyl bromide, the domestic grain storage industry has identified the main alternative technologies at the present stage as the phosphine under-loop circulation fumigation technology and the phosphine and carbon dioxide mixture fumigation technology. However, from the current situation, the use of phosphine fumigants requires low concentration and long fumigation on the basis of ensuring the airtightness of grain stores, and the efficiency is relatively low. In addition, stored grain pests have produced resistance to phosphine, and individual species cannot be quickly and effectively treated, which severely limits the fumigation and insecticidal properties of phosphine.
To break the monotony of alternative technologies, experts believe that it is necessary to accelerate the development of more fumigants and other new methods for controlling pests, especially physical methods. It is understood that at home and abroad in this area has made some achievements in succession, the development of new products and technologies such as sulfuryl fluoride, ethyl formate, propylene oxide and carbonyl sulfide, ozone, ethanedinitrile, high pressure CO2 and inert powder. Among them, sulphuryl fluoride is considered to be the most promising fumigant to replace methyl bromide in China.
The study of sulfuryl fluoride as a substitute for fumigant for methyl bromide has only risen in recent years. In early 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had taken the lead in approving sulphuryl fluoride for use in fumigation storage and other dried fruits, and issued corresponding residue standards. Since then, EU countries have also begun to approve the application of sulfuryl fluoride. Sulfuryl fluoride has a broad spectrum of insecticides and is effective against common grain pests such as gluten, rice elephants, cereals, thithimates, pirouettes, sawtooth plagues, and Mediterranean seabass and whiteflies. It has a low boiling point, is non-flammable, has no flash point, good penetration, low adsorption, is stable under many fumigating conditions, and has a fast gas release after fumigation. More than 30 experiments in mills in the United States, Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom have shown that sulphuryl fluoride has the same or even better insecticidal efficacy than methyl bromide; there is no need to prolong the treatment time compared to methyl bromide; Sensitive electronic control facilities have no effect; they have no effect on the odor of dried fruit and nuts and do not affect the nutritional quality of wheat.
In China, as early as the early 1980s, sulfuryl fluoride was developed and its trade name was “Morting Netâ€. In recent years, the Longkou Chemical Plant in Shandong Province has also developed a very high purity sulfuryl fluoride insecticide. However, the scope of its application is still extremely limited. Research on the application of sulfonyl fluoride fumigants in food storage and food processing fields has a bright future.
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