In order to protect the safety of people's lives and property, promote the development of production and construction, and prevent blasting accidents. This procedure is specifically formulated.
Except for military blasting works, all personnel, units and their competent departments that carry out blasting work must abide by this regulation.
Management system and scope of responsibility
First, all kinds of blasting operations must use blasting equipment that meets national standards or ministerial standards.
2. In the blasting project, the application of new blasting technology, new technology, new equipment and instruments shall be approved and approved by the competent department of the blasting operation (or the head office equivalent to this level).
3. The enterprise engaged in blasting work must have a blasting work leader, a blasting engineering technician, a blasting section (class), a blaster and a blasting equipment library director.
4. All personnel engaged in blasting work must undergo training, pass the examination and hold a certificate of conformity.
The blasting work leader and the blasting engineering technician shall be the engineers and technicians who have passed the blasting safety technical training examination.
5. The blaster shall meet the following conditions:
(1) At least 18 years of age, engaged in work related to blasting operations for more than one year;
(2) Being responsible for the work;
(3) having a junior high school or higher education level;
(4) Qualified for medical examination;
(5) According to the requirements of the blasting training program (Appendix A), the training and passing the examination are passed.
6. The new blaster who has obtained the "Blaster's Work Permit" shall perform the blasting work independently after three months of internship under the guidance of an experienced blaster.
Blasting work in high temperature, biogas or dust explosion sites must be carried out by experienced blasters.
The blaster is engaged in new blasting work and must be specially trained.
7. Responsibilities of the blasting leader:
(1) presiding over the formulation of a comprehensive work plan for the blasting project and responsible for implementation;
(2) Organizing training work for blasting business and blasting safety, and reviewing and approving blasting staff and blasting equipment library management personnel;
(3) Supervising the blasting staff of the unit to implement safety rules and regulations, organize leadership safety inspections, and ensure the quality of the project;
(4) Organizing and leading the design, construction and summarization of major blasting projects;
(5) preside over the safety operation rules and corresponding management regulations for the formulation of major or special blasting projects;
(6) Participate in the investigation and handling of the blasting accident of this unit.
8. Responsibilities of blasting engineering technicians:
(1) Responsible for the design and summary of the blasting project, guiding the construction and checking the quality;
(2) Formulating technical measures for blasting safety and checking the implementation;
(3) Responsible for formulating technical measures for the treatment of blind cannons and technical guidance for the treatment of blind cannons;
(4) Participate in the investigation and handling of blasting accidents.
9. Responsibilities of the director of the blasting equipment library:
(1) Responsible for formulating warehouse management rules;
(2) supervising and inspecting the work of the blasting equipment custodian (distributor);
(3) timely reporting blasting equipment with suspicious quality and expiration;
(4) Organizing or participating in the destruction of blasting equipment;
(5) Supervise and inspect the safety situation of the reservoir area, fire protection facilities and lightning protection devices, identify problems and handle them in a timely manner.
10. The blasting equipment custodian (distributor) is responsible for the acceptance, issuance, statistics and custody of blasting equipment. The personnel without the blasting operation permit have the right to refuse to issue blasting equipment.
11. The blasting equipment tester is responsible for the inspection of the blasting equipment.
12. Duties of the blasting section (class):
(1) Leading the blasting staff to carry out the blasting work;
(2) Supervising the blasting personnel to abide by the blasting safety rules and the system of storage, use and handling of blasting equipment;
(3) It has the right to stop the blasting work of the personnel without the "blasting operation permit";
(4) Checking the on-site use of the blasting equipment and the timely withdrawal of the remaining blasting equipment.
13. The duties of the blaster
(1) The blasting equipment received by the custodian shall not be lost or transferred to others, and shall not be destroyed or used for other purposes;
(2) Performing blasting operations in accordance with the blasting order and the blasting design regulations;
(3) Strictly abide by this regulation and safety operation rules;
(4) Checking the working surface after blasting, and discovering blind guns and other unsafe factors should be reported or handled in time;
(5) After the blasting is completed, the remaining blasting equipment shall be returned to the blasting equipment warehouse in time.
Appendix A
Blaster training outline
(reference piece)
A1 basic part
A1.1 Overview
The role and significance of blasting engineering in China's national economic construction.
A brief history of the development of explosives and blasting works.
The main task of the blaster.
The main content, features and learning methods of this course.
A1.2 Explosives
The basic concept of explosives and blasting, the three elements of chemical explosion.
Classification of explosives. Physical and chemical properties and conditions of use of the following types of explosives:
Ammonium nitrate explosives, slurry explosives, nitroglycerine, oil emulsion explosives, water gel explosives, TNT, RDX, Qu Laid children, PETN, nitroglycerin, Ray mercury, lead azide, diazodinitrophenol .
The concept of safe explosives and burning agents.
Appearance inspection and performance measurement of explosives.
The danger of explosives and the safety measures for using explosives.
A1.3 Detonating equipment and detonation method
A1.3.1 Detonating equipment
a. detonator
Types of detonators (fire detonators, instantaneous power detonators, deferred electric detonators, millisecond differential electric detonators, anti-hypoelectric detonators, anti-static detonators, non-priming detonators, high temperature resistant high pressure detonators, etc.), structure, principle of action, use methods and Conditions of Use.
Appearance inspection and performance measurement of detonators.
Use detonator safety measures.
b. fuse
The construction, performance, use and conditions of use of the fuse.
Ignition method and ignition equipment for the fuse.
Appearance inspection and performance measurement of the fuse.
Use fuses for safety measures.
c. Detonating cord
The structure, performance, method of use and conditions of use of the detonating cord.
Appearance inspection and performance measurement of detonating cords.
Use detonating cord safety measures.
d. Detonating tube
The structure, performance, method of use and conditions of use of the squib.
Appearance inspection and performance measurement of the detonating tube.
Use the safety measures of the detonating tube.
e. Secondary tube
The structure, performance, method of use and conditions of use of the squib.
Appearance inspection and performance measurement of the squib.
Use the safety measures of the squib.
f. Detonating charge
The structure, performance, method of use and conditions of use of the primer.
Appearance inspection and performance measurement of the primer.
Use safety measures for the primer column.
A1.3.2 Detonation method
a. Electric detonation
Detonation power supply and detonator type.
The structure, working principle and usage of commonly used initiators.
Instruments, devices, and instructions for use when power and lighting power supplies are detonated.
An instrument for measuring conductivity and a method of using the same.
Resistance meter and its operation method.
Detonation bus, spur, connecting line, end line, foot line specifications.
Wire insulated joint and its construction.
The laying and joining methods, network calculation and conduction of the electric blast network.
Characteristics of the electric detonation method, detonation method, applicable conditions and safety measures.
b. Fuse cord initiation method, detonating cord detonation method and detonating tube detonation method
The characteristics of the fuse detonation method, detonating cord detonation method and detonating tube detonation method, network laying and connection, detonation method, applicable conditions and safety measures.
A1.4 Storage and destruction of blasting equipment
Classification of blasting equipment libraries.
The basic requirements of the blasting equipment library.
The rated storage capacity of the blasting equipment library and the coexistence of various types of blasting equipment must
Storage methods and statistics and issuance systems for blasting equipment.
Technical measures for lighting, ventilation, fire prevention, lightning protection and moisture protection of the warehouse.
Drying and loading of powdered explosives.
Thawing and safety measures for nitrate explosives.
Inspection, destruction methods and safety measures for blasting equipment.
Safety measures and guard work for blasting equipment warehouses.
A1.5 Transportation of blasting equipment
Rail, road and waterway transport.
Mode of transport, means of transport.
Transportation of particularly sensitive blasting equipment.
Transport blasting equipment to the job site.
Characteristics, requirements and safety measures for the transport of blasting equipment.
A1.6 General requirements for breaking operations
Processing of detonating equipment.
The blasthole charge type and charging method, the blasthole packing form and the filling method.
Personnel evacuate, avoid guns, alert and signal during blasting.
Inspection after blasting and blind cannon treatment.
Organization and management of blasting operations.
The basic concept of blasting operation manual and blasting design.
Safety measures for blasting operations.
A2 Professional Section
A2.1 Underground blasting
Bare, shallow eyes, deep holes, medicine pots, chamber blasting method.
The characteristics of underground blasting operations and the determination of blasting methods.
Characteristics and applicable conditions of various blasting methods.
Selection and calculation of blasting parameters.
The arrangement of the blastholes and the determination of the minimum resistance line.
Charge type and charge method, charge amount and blasting effect.
Burr hole packing form and packing method.
Detonation sequence.
Safety measures for underground blasting operations.
Characteristics and blasting methods of mine blasting operations with gas and dangerous mine dust
Special requirements for blasting equipment, blasting equipment and safety measures permitted.
Characteristics and blasting methods of blasting operations in high temperature and high sulfur deposits.
Special requirements for blasting equipment, blasting equipment permitted for use and safety measures during blasting operations.
A2.2 Open-air blasting
Bare, shallow eyes, deep holes, medicine pots, chamber blasting method.
The characteristics of open-pit blasting operations and the determination of blasting methods.
Characteristics and applicable conditions of various blasting methods.
The arrangement of the blastholes and the determination of the minimum resistance line.
Charge form and charge method, charge amount and blasting effect.
Hole filling method and packing method.
Laying and joining of blasting networks.
Calculation and conduction of the electric blast network.
Detonation sequence.
Delineation and alertness of the danger zone.
Safety measures for open-pit blasting operations.
A2.3 Underwater blasting
Characteristics and requirements of underwater blasting operations.
Underwater blasting methods, applicable conditions and operating methods.
Requirements for blasting equipment and processing of blasting equipment during underwater blasting.
Underwater charge, tamping, wiring and detonation methods of operation.
Safety measures for underwater blasting operations.
A2.4 Other blasting
A2.4.1 Demolition blasting
Methods, characteristics and applicable conditions for demolition blasting.
Remove the blasting charge arrangement and charging method.
Demolition blasting operations organization and management.
Safety measures for demolition blasting.
A2.4.2 Metal blasting
The method and characteristics of metal blasting.
Operating techniques for various metal blasting operations and requirements for blasting equipment.
Safety measures for metal blasting operations.
A2.4.3 Seismic exploration and blasting
Seismic exploration blasting methods, characteristics and safety measures.
The method, characteristics and application range of other blasting operations.
A2.4.4 Oil and gas well blasting
Methods and characteristics of blasting operations in oil and gas wells.
Explosive equipment used and safety measures during operation.
Additional information:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Labor and Human Resources of the People's Republic of China
This standard was prepared by the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry and drafted by the Institute of Safety Technology of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry.
The main drafters of this standard: Wei Jianshi, Xu Tianduan, Zhang Zhong, Hu Guowen, Deng Jian, Bian Kexin, Feng Shuyu, Huo Yongji, Yang Shanyuan, Niu Qiang, Long Weizhen, Tao Yulin, Zhu Deda, Liao Xiankui, Qian Ruiwu, Guan Zhizhong, Gan Jiandeng, Criminal Zhaofang, Xiong Weigang, Chen Weibo, Huang Dingbang, Wang Xiaoren, Liu Qingrong, Zhao Baoyue, Bai Yongjiang, Ma Bailing, Zhang Rulin.
Issued by: National Bureau of Standards
Proposed unit: Ministry of Labor and Personnel of the People's Republic of China
Drafting unit: Institute of Safety Technology, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
Approved by: National Bureau of Standards 1986-8-22
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